PART A — DISCRETE QUESTIONS (1–20): one snippet, one question, move.
Aen. 1.198–203 (Aeneas rallies the shipwrecked crew):
'O socii — neque enim ignari sumus ante malorum — / O passi graviora, dabit deus his quoque finem. … revocate animos, maestumque timorem / mittite: forsan et haec olim meminisse iuvabit.'
1. neque enim ignari sumus ante malorum — the speaker claims that he and his men: (a) are not ignorant of earlier evils (b) know nothing of evil (c) were ignorant before the evils (d) fear future evils 2. O passi graviora — passi is: (a) nominative plural deponent participle: "(you) having suffered" (b) passive infinitive (c) genitive of passus (a pace) (d) imperative 3. forsan et haec olim meminisse iuvabit is best rendered: (a) "perhaps one day it will help to remember even these things" (b) "by chance these men once remembered their joy" (c) "perhaps memory will one day fail even here" (d) "may it one day please you to forget these things" 4. mittite (in maestum timorem mittite) here means: (a) send (a letter) (b) dismiss, let go (c) throw (a weapon) (d) escort
Aen. 8.22–27 (Aeneas's restless mind; then night):
sicut aquae tremulum labris ubi lumen aenis / sole repercussum aut radiantis imagine lunae / omnia pervolitat late loca … / nox erat et terras animalia fessa per omnis / alituum pecudumque genus sopor altus habebat
5. The simile compares the hero's darting thoughts to: (a) a flickering light reflected from water in a bronze basin (b) the moon setting over water (c) a lamp guttering in wind (d) sunrise over the sea 6. omnia pervolitat late loca — the subject of pervolitat is: (a) aqua (b) lumen (c) luna (d) Aeneas 7. animalia fessa … sopor altus habebat — the construction makes deep sleep: (a) the object possessed by animals (b) the subject HOLDING the tired creatures (c) a place (d) an adverb
Aen. 3.578–580 (after the Etna description):
fama est Enceladi semustum fulmine corpus / urgeri mole hac, ingentemque insuper Aetnam
8. fama est … corpus urgeri — the construction after fama est is: (a) indirect statement: "the story is that the body … is pressed down" (b) purpose clause (c) ablative absolute (d) direct quotation 9. semustum fulmine — Enceladus's body is: (a) half-burnt by the thunderbolt (b) buried by an earthquake (c) hidden from lightning (d) armored against fire
Pliny 7.21 (resting his eyes, as ordered):
Pareo, collega carissime, et infirmitati oculorum ut iubes consulo. … solisque auribus studeo. … Sic paulatim lucem ferre condisco.
10. infirmitati oculorum … consulo — consulo with the DATIVE means: (a) I consult (b) I take care for, look after (c) I deliberate about (d) I punish 11. solis auribus studeo — during his eye-trouble Pliny studies: (a) only at sunrise (b) with his ears alone — by listening (c) for the sake of comfort (d) in solitude and silence 12. lucem ferre condisco — condisco (con- + disco) suggests: (a) forgetting how to bear light (b) thoroughly learning, step by step, to bear light (c) refusing to bear light (d) teaching others to bear light
Trajan to Pliny (10.38, on the wasted aqueduct money):
Sed medius fidius ad eandem diligentiam tuam pertinet inquirere, quorum vitio ad hoc tempus tantam pecuniam Nicomedenses perdiderint.
13. medius fidius is: (a) an oath-exclamation ("by Hercules!"-class) (b) the name of an engineer (c) a measurement (d) a legal charge 14. quorum vitio … perdiderint — the construction is: (a) indirect question: "by whose fault they wasted…" (b) relative purpose clause (c) result clause (d) fearing clause 15. The sentence assigns to Pliny's diligentia the task of: (a) repaying the money (b) investigating who was responsible (c) finishing the aqueduct himself (d) punishing the citizens
Aen. 6.304 (Charon):
iam senior, sed cruda deo viridisque senectus.
16. The line's point is that for a god, old age is: (a) painful and slow (b) raw and green — vigorous (c) brief (d) shameful
Aen. 4.522–524 (the world asleep):
Nox erat et placidum carpebant fessa soporem / corpora per terras, silvaeque et saeva quierant / aequora
17. saeva quierant aequora — the pluperfect quierant indicates the savage seas: (a) were about to rest (b) had (already) fallen still (c) never rest (d) are resting now
Pliny 1.11 (write me anyway):
Olim mihi nullas epistulas mittis. Nihil est, inquis, quod scribam.
18. Olim here, with the PRESENT mittis, means: (a) once upon a time (b) for a long while now (c) someday (d) suddenly
Pliny 9.6 (the races):
Circenses erant, quo genere spectaculi ne levissime quidem teneor.
19. quo genere spectaculi … teneor — teneor is best rendered: (a) I am held/gripped (b) I am detained in prison (c) I hold (d) I am taught
Aen. 1.133 (Neptune to the winds):
Iam caelum terramque meo sine numine, venti, / miscere … audetis?
20. meo sine numine — the interlaced phrase means: (a) without my divine consent (b) with my divine help (c) beneath my godhead (d) despite the omens
PART B — SHORT SETS (21–32): four passages, three questions each.
SET 1 — SIGHT PROSE (Pliny 7.21.2–3, continuing #10–12's letter):
Cubicula obductis velis opaca nec tamen obscura facio. Cryptoporticus quoque adopertis inferioribus fenestris tantum umbrae quantum luminis habet. Sic paulatim lucem ferre condisco. Balineum assumo quia prodest, vinum quia non nocet.
21. obductis velis is an ablative absolute meaning: (a) with the curtains drawn (b) although the sails were raised (c) because the veils were removed (d) with the walls painted 22. opaca nec tamen obscura — the rooms are made: (a) bright but cold (b) shaded yet not dark (c) dark and gloomy (d) neither shaded nor lit 23. tantum umbrae quantum luminis — the corridor has: (a) more shadow than light (b) as much shade as light (c) only shadow (d) light at midday only
SET 2 — SIGHT POETRY (Aen. 3.571–577, Etna):
sed horrificis iuxta tonat Aetna ruinis, / interdumque atram prorumpit ad aethera nubem / turbine fumantem piceo et candente favilla, / attollitque globos flammarum et sidera lambit; / interdum scopulos avulsaque viscera montis / erigit eructans, liquefactaque saxa sub auras / cum gemitu glomerat fundoque exaestuat imo.
24. atram … nubem / turbine fumantem piceo et candente favilla — the cloud smokes with: (a) a pitch-black whirlwind and white-hot ash (b) rain and hail (c) sea-spray (d) cold cinders and dark rain 25. sidera lambit — the flame-balls: (a) extinguish the stars (b) lick the stars (c) hide the stars (d) become stars 26. avulsa viscera montis — the mountain's "torn-out innards" is an image of: (a) personification: Etna vomiting its own organs — rocks as guts (b) soldiers storming a fort (c) farming terraces (d) a collapsing bridge (Students of Pliny will recognize the family resemblance to 6.16's pine-cloud — the same volcanic phenomenology, in verse, 100 years earlier.)
SET 3 — SYLLABUS PROSE (Pliny 6.16.17–18, the beach):
Placuit egredi in litus, et ex proximo adspicere, ecquid iam mare admitteret; quod adhuc vastum et adversum permanebat. Ibi super abiectum linteum recubans semel atque iterum frigidam aquam poposcit hausitque.
27. Placuit egredi — the impersonal placuit means: (a) it was pleasing/decided (to go out) (b) he pleased everyone (c) the shore was pleasant (d) they applauded 28. ecquid iam mare admitteret — they went to see: (a) whether the sea was yet allowing anything (i.e., escape) (b) why the sea was rising (c) what the sea had destroyed (d) whether ships had arrived 29. semel atque iterum … poposcit — the Elder asked for cold water: (a) once and again — repeatedly (b) once only (c) reluctantly (d) for his companions
SET 4 — SYLLABUS POETRY (Aen. 12.793–795, Jupiter to Juno):
'quae iam finis erit, coniunx? quid denique restat? / indigetem Aenean scis ipsa et scire fateris / deberi caelo fatisque ad sidera tolli.'
30. quae iam finis erit, coniunx? — Jupiter addresses Juno as: (a) sister only (b) wife — framing the negotiation as domestic (c) enemy (d) queen of Carthage 31. scis ipsa et scire fateris — the doubling emphasizes that Juno: (a) knows and ADMITS she knows — her own concession is on record (b) neither knows nor confesses (c) pretends to know (d) learned it recently 32. deberi caelo … ad sidera tolli — Aeneas is: (a) owed to heaven and being raised to the stars (b) indebted to the sky for stars (c) forbidden the heavens (d) carrying stars to heaven
PART C — LONG SETS (33–52): two passages, ten questions each.
LONG SET 1 — SYLLABUS PROSE (Pliny 6.20.6–9):
Iam hora diei prima, et adhuc dubius et quasi languidus dies. Iam quassatis circumiacentibus tectis, quamquam in aperto loco, angusto tamen, magnus et certus ruinae metus. Tum demum excedere oppido visum; sequitur vulgus attonitum, quodque in pavore simile prudentiae, alienum consilium suo praefert, ingentique agmine abeuntes premit et impellit. Egressi tecta consistimus. Multa ibi miranda, multas formidines patimur. Nam vehicula quae produci iusseramus, quamquam in planissimo campo, in contrarias partes agebantur, ac ne lapidibus quidem fulta in eodem vestigio quiescebant. Praeterea mare in se resorberi et tremore terrae quasi repelli videbamus.
33. dubius et quasi languidus dies describes daylight that is: (a) uncertain and as-if sickly (b) bright and hot (c) brief and cold (d) returning to normal 34. quassatis circumiacentibus tectis is: (a) ablative absolute: the surrounding buildings having been shaken (b) dative of purpose (c) genitive absolute (d) accusative of exclamation 35. Tum demum excedere oppido visum [est] — "then at last…": (a) it seemed (best) to leave the town (b) he was seen leaving the town (c) the town disappeared (d) they were ordered to stay 36. quodque in pavore simile prudentiae — in panic, following others' plans: (a) is true wisdom (b) merely RESEMBLES prudence (c) is cowardice (d) is impossible 37. alienum consilium suo praefert — each person: (a) prefers another's plan to his own (b) prefers his own plan (c) offers his plan to others (d) has no plan 38. The crowd premit et impellit — it: (a) presses and shoves those leaving (b) blesses the leaders (c) blocks the road (d) carries supplies 39. Multa ibi miranda, multas formidines patimur — the pairing presents the scene as: (a) wonders and terrors suffered together (b) only terrifying (c) only marvelous (d) imaginary 40. quamquam in planissimo campo concedes that the carts moved although: (a) the ground was perfectly flat (b) the wheels were broken (c) the slaves pushed them (d) the wind was calm 41. ne lapidibus quidem fulta — the carts would not stay even though: (a) propped with stones (b) loaded with stones (c) on stony ground (d) chained to rocks 42. mare in se resorberi … videbamus — the construction after videbamus is: (a) accusative + infinitive of perception: "we saw the sea being sucked back" (b) indirect command (c) ablative absolute (d) result clause
LONG SET 2 — SYLLABUS POETRY (Aen. 11.544–551, Metabus at the river):
ipse sinu prae se portans iuga longa petebat / solorum nemorum: tela undique saeva premebant / et circumfuso volitabant milite Volsci. / ecce fugae medio summis Amasenus abundans / spumabat ripis, tantus se nubibus imber / ruperat. ille innare parans infantis amore / tardatur caroque oneri timet. omnia secum / versanti subito vix haec sententia sedit:
43. sinu prae se portans — Metabus carries the baby: (a) in the fold of his garment, before him (b) on his back (c) in a basket (d) on his shield 44. iuga longa … solorum nemorum — his destination is: (a) the long ridges of lonely forests (b) a single tall tree (c) the city walls (d) the open plain 45. circumfuso … milite — the ablative absolute pictures the Volscian soldiery: (a) poured around (him) — swarming on all sides (b) retreating (c) asleep in camp (d) crossing the river first 46. summis … abundans spumabat ripis — the Amasenus was: (a) foaming over the tops of its banks (b) dry at its edges (c) calm at the ford (d) frozen 47. tantus se nubibus imber ruperat — the flood is explained by: (a) so great a rain having burst from the clouds (b) melting snow (c) a broken dam (d) the god of the river 48. innare parans — Metabus was preparing to: (a) swim across (b) build a raft (c) pray (d) turn back 49. infantis amore tardatur — he is slowed by: (a) love of/for the infant (b) the infant's weight (c) fear of the enemy (d) a wound 50. caro oneri timet — the case of oneri with timet expresses: (a) fear FOR his dear burden (b) fear OF the burden (c) the means of fearing (d) place where 51. omnia secum versanti — the dative participle describes him: (a) as he turned everything over in his mind (b) commanding everyone around him (c) running in circles (d) praying to all the gods 52. vix haec sententia sedit — vix tells us the resolve: (a) settled barely/with difficulty (b) was obvious at once (c) never came (d) was someone else's idea
⏱️ STOP at 65 minutes. Count nothing yet. Take a 5-minute break — then go directly to Lesson 57 for Section II while tired. That's the design.