CSPIQ · AP Computer Science Principles

CSPIQ Mock Exam 1 — AP Computer Science Principles

Full Section I Simulation

Time: 120 minutes · 70 questions · No calculator (none needed) Format matches the real exam: Q1–57 single-select · Q58–62 reading passage + 5 single-select · Q63–70 multiple-select ("Select two answers")

Instructions: One sitting, timed. The Exam Reference Sheet (AP pseudocode) is provided on the real exam; this mock uses the same conventions — lists are 1-indexed, RANDOM(a, b) is inclusive, REPEAT UNTIL stops when its condition becomes true. Answer every question; there is no penalty for guessing. Target pace: ~100 seconds per question, with the passage set (Q58–62) budgeted at 9 minutes total.

Take this mock after Lesson 24. Score with the key at the end, then use the review pointers before attempting Mock Exam 2.

Questions 1–57: Single-Select

Question 1

A program's documentation is MOST useful to collaborators when it:

(A) Is written after the program is complete, in one session
(B) Describes only the program's syntax
(C) Is developed alongside the code and explains why design choices were made
(D) Replaces the need for testing

Question 2

What is the decimal value of the binary number 101011?

(A) 43
(B) 42
(C) 53
(D) 21

Question 3

What is displayed?

a ← 6
b ← 2
a ← a MOD b
b ← b + a
DISPLAY (a + b)

(A) 8
(B) 2
(C) 4
(D) 10

Question 4

A navigation app's stated goal is "helping drivers avoid traffic delays." In CED terms, this goal is the program's:

(A) Function
(B) Purpose
(C) Input
(D) Event

Question 5

Which situation produces a run-time error?

(A) A program with a missing closing brace that will not start
(B) A program that computes an average as total / count when count is 0
(C) A program that displays 42 when the correct answer is 24
(D) A program with an unclear variable name

Question 6

words ← ["ash", "elm", "oak", "fir"]. What is displayed?

DISPLAY (words[2])
DISPLAY (words[LENGTH(words) − 1])

(A) elm then oak
(B) elm then fir
(C) ash then oak
(D) oak then elm

Question 7

A hospital must store patient X-ray images so radiologists can review every original detail years later. The images should be compressed:

(A) With lossy compression, to save maximum space
(B) With lossless compression, so the originals can be perfectly reconstructed
(C) With no consideration of the images' future use
(D) By reducing the resolution permanently

Question 8

For which value of x does this code display "yes"?

IF (x > 10 AND x MOD 5 = 0)
{
    DISPLAY ("yes")
}

(A) 10
(B) 12
(C) 25
(D) 5

Question 9

Which is metadata for a video file?

(A) The frames of the video
(B) The audio track
(C) The video's duration and the date it was recorded
(D) The actors' dialogue

Question 10

A team of programmers with varied backgrounds reviews a photo app's design. According to the CED, the MOST likely benefit is:

(A) The app will be completed faster
(B) Blind spots and biases that any single designer would miss are more likely to be caught
(C) The app will require less documentation
(D) The team will not need to test the app

Question 11

How many times is "go" displayed?

n ← 2
REPEAT UNTIL (n > 16)
{
    DISPLAY ("go")
    n ← n * 2
}

(A) 3
(B) 4
(C) 5
(D) Infinitely many

Question 12

A survey about smartphone usage is distributed only through a smartphone app. The results overstate average usage. The BEST explanation is:

(A) The app contains a logic error
(B) Smartphones cannot run surveys
(C) The collection method sampled only smartphone users, biasing the data toward heavier usage
(D) The sample was too large

Question 13

What does f(4) return?

PROCEDURE f(n)
{
    IF (n MOD 2 = 0)
    {
        RETURN (n * 10)
    }
    RETURN (n + 1)
}

(A) 5
(B) 40
(C) 41
(D) 14

Question 14

The minimum number of bits needed to assign a unique ID to each of 60 classrooms is:

(A) 5
(B) 6
(C) 7
(D) 60

Question 15

A robot faces east. It executes ROTATE_RIGHT() once, then ROTATE_RIGHT() again. It now faces:

(A) West
(B) North
(C) South
(D) East

Question 16

Which task is MOST appropriate for lossy compression?

(A) Compressing a legal contract for long-term storage
(B) Compressing video for smooth streaming on limited mobile bandwidth
(C) Compressing a program's source code
(D) Compressing a database of account balances

Question 17

What is displayed?

total ← 0
FOR EACH v IN [3, 0, 5, 2]
{
    IF (v > 0)
    {
        total ← total + 1
    }
}
DISPLAY (total)

(A) 10
(B) 4
(C) 3
(D) 0

Question 18

A program stores a growing collection of donation amounts. Compared with using a separate variable for each donation, a list is better primarily because:

(A) Lists automatically prevent invalid donations
(B) The code, written with loops and LENGTH, continues to work as the number of donations changes
(C) Lists use no memory
(D) Lists keep donations encrypted

Question 19

Which Boolean expression is equivalent to NOT (score ≥ 70)?

(A) score < 70
(B) score ≤ 70
(C) score > 70
(D) NOT (score < 70)

Question 20

The Internet's design allows networks built by different companies, in different countries, on different hardware, to exchange data because:

(A) All networks are owned by one organization
(B) They all follow the same open, standardized protocols
(C) Every device connects to a central server
(D) Data is converted to analog form between networks

Question 21

What is displayed?

L ← [8, 3, 6]
APPEND(L, 1)
REMOVE(L, 1)
DISPLAY (L[1] + L[3])

(A) 9
(B) 4
(C) 11
(D) 7

Question 22

Which of the following is a computing innovation?

(A) A stapler designed using computer software
(B) A cotton t-shirt sold through a website
(C) A smart thermostat whose embedded program learns household schedules to adjust heating
(D) A wooden bookshelf assembled from a downloaded plan

Question 23

A programmer needs a random integer that models drawing one card position from a 52-card deck. Which expression is correct?

(A) RANDOM(0, 52)
(B) RANDOM(1, 52)
(C) RANDOM(1, 51)
(D) RANDOM(52, 52)

Question 24

What does this code display for data ← [10, 20, 30, 40]?

result ← data[1]
FOR EACH d IN data
{
    IF (d > result)
    {
        result ← d
    }
}
DISPLAY (result)

(A) 10
(B) 100
(C) 25
(D) 40

Question 25

DNS's role when a user visits example.org is to:

(A) Deliver the page's images
(B) Encrypt the connection
(C) Translate the domain name into an IP address
(D) Guarantee no packets are lost

Question 26

Trace this code. What are the final values of x and y?

x ← 5
y ← 12
temp ← x
x ← y
y ← temp

(A) x = 12, y = 5
(B) x = 5, y = 12
(C) x = 12, y = 12
(D) x = 5, y = 5

Question 27

A city releases traffic-sensor data. Analysts find intersections with more sensors report more congestion incidents, and conclude those intersections are the most congested. The MOST important flaw is:

(A) The analysts used a spreadsheet
(B) Reported incidents scale with sensor coverage — differences may reflect where sensors are, not where congestion is
(C) Congestion cannot be measured
(D) The data was compressed losslessly

Question 28

Which loop is guaranteed never to terminate?

(A) x ← 0 ; REPEAT UNTIL (x ≥ 4) { x ← x + 1 }
(B) x ← 9 ; REPEAT UNTIL (x < 3) { x ← x − 3 }
(C) x ← 6 ; REPEAT UNTIL (x = 6) { x ← x + 1 }
(D) x ← 1 ; REPEAT UNTIL (x = 7) { x ← x + 4 }

Question 29

In the AP pseudocode, INSERT(L, 3, "new") does what?

(A) Replaces the element at index 3 with "new"
(B) Places "new" at index 3, shifting that element and later ones one position right
(C) Adds "new" at the end of the list
(D) Removes the element at index 3

Question 30

A program should display "leap-eligible" when year is divisible by 4. Which condition is correct?

(A) year MOD 4 = 0
(B) year / 4 = 0
(C) year MOD 4 = 4
(D) 4 MOD year = 0

Question 31

The primary difference between TCP and UDP is:

(A) TCP translates names; UDP routes packets
(B) TCP guarantees complete, ordered delivery with retransmission; UDP sends without delivery guarantees for lower latency
(C) UDP is encrypted; TCP is not
(D) TCP works only on wired networks

Question 32

What does g(3, 5) return?

PROCEDURE g(a, b)
{
    result ← 0
    REPEAT b TIMES
    {
        result ← result + a
    }
    RETURN (result)
}

(A) 8
(B) 35
(C) 15
(D) 53

Question 33

A student's program works for typical inputs but crashes when the input list is empty. The BEST characterization is:

(A) A syntax error the editor should have caught
(B) A boundary case the test suite failed to cover, causing a run-time error
(C) Proof the program cannot be fixed
(D) An overflow error

Question 34

Which sequence of commands moves the robot from the bottom-left square of a 3×3 open grid (facing north) to the top-right square?

(A) MOVE_FORWARD() ×2, ROTATE_RIGHT(), MOVE_FORWARD() ×2
(B) MOVE_FORWARD() ×2, ROTATE_LEFT(), MOVE_FORWARD() ×2
(C) ROTATE_RIGHT(), MOVE_FORWARD() ×2
(D) MOVE_FORWARD() ×3, ROTATE_RIGHT(), MOVE_FORWARD() ×3

Question 35

Combining a store's purchase records with its loyalty-card signup data (shared field: member ID) allows analysts to answer which NEW question?

(A) What was the total revenue last month?
(B) How many loyalty members signed up last year?
(C) Do purchasing patterns differ by members' home zip codes collected at signup?
(D) What was the store's best-selling item?

Question 36

A black-and-white image row is WWWWWWWWWWBBBBBWWWWW (10 W, 5 B, 5 W). Its run-length encoding is:

(A) 10W 5B 4W
(B) W10 B5 W5 in reverse order
(C) 5W 10B 5W
(D) 10W 5B 5W

Question 37

A county moves vaccine appointment booking exclusively to a website. Appointment rates drop sharply among elderly residents. This outcome BEST illustrates:

(A) The digital divide: groups with less access or digital skill are excluded when services presume connectivity
(B) A syntax error in the booking site
(C) That elderly residents no longer want vaccines
(D) Fault tolerance

Question 38

Which statement about packets is true?

(A) Each packet must follow the same path as the previous one
(B) Packets contain only user data, never routing information
(C) Packets from the same message may arrive out of order and be reassembled using sequence information
(D) A packet is larger than the file it carries

Question 39

A microphone samples a sound wave 48,000 times per second, storing each measurement digitally. Halving the sampling rate to 24,000 would:

(A) Double the file's fidelity
(B) Have no effect on the stored data
(C) Make the recording analog
(D) Reduce the file size and produce a less faithful approximation of the wave

Question 40

A museum invites the public to transcribe thousands of handwritten historical letters through a website. This approach is best described as:

(A) Crowdsourcing: distributing a large task among many volunteers via the Internet
(B) Phishing
(C) Parallel computing on a single machine
(D) A rogue access point

Question 41

A network connects four servers with redundant links so that any single link can fail without disconnecting any server. The property this design provides is:

(A) Unlimited bandwidth
(B) Freedom from all failures
(C) Fault tolerance
(D) Faster DNS resolution

Question 42

What is displayed?

PROCEDURE twist(s)
{
    RETURN (s + s)
}
word ← "ab"
word ← twist(word)
DISPLAY (twist(word))

(A) abab
(B) ab
(C) abababababab
(D) abababab

Question 43

A loan-approval model trained on decades of past decisions gives systematically lower scores to applicants from certain zip codes. The developers wrote no rules about zip codes and hold no ill intent. The MOST accurate description is:

(A) Since intent is absent, no bias exists
(B) A run-time error
(C) The zip codes must be removed from all datasets everywhere
(D) The model inherited bias present in the historical training data

Question 44

A photographer posts images under a Creative Commons license requiring attribution and prohibiting commercial use. Which use complies?

(A) A student blog (no ads, no sales) displaying an image with the photographer credited
(B) A company brochure using the image with credit
(C) An ad campaign using the image without credit
(D) Reselling prints of the image with credit

Question 45

A design uses 6 bits per ID but must expand to identify twice as many items. The number of bits needed is:

(A) 12
(B) 36
(C) 8
(D) 7

Question 46

A job consists of a 10-second segment that must run sequentially, followed by four independent 20-second tasks. With four processors available for the parallel portion, the total time is:

(A) 90 seconds
(B) 20 seconds
(C) 30 seconds
(D) 80 seconds

Question 47

An email claiming to be from a streaming service says "Your payment failed — click here within 24 hours to keep your account," linking to a look-alike login page. The recommended response is:

(A) Treat it as phishing: don't click; check the account by navigating to the real site directly
(B) Enter credentials quickly to avoid losing the account
(C) Reply with your password so support can verify it
(D) Forward it to friends to warn them, including the link

Question 48

Binary search runs on a sorted list of 500 names. The maximum number of names examined is closest to:

(A) 250
(B) 500
(C) 25
(D) 9

Question 49

The Internet can grow by millions of devices per year without central coordination primarily because:

(A) New devices must register with a global authority
(B) Each device stores the entire Internet's routing table
(C) Open protocols and decentralized routing let networks join and traffic adapt without permission
(D) Bandwidth is unlimited

Question 50

A table of 200 book records is filtered to keep genre = "mystery" (34 rows survive), then sorted by rating, descending. The resulting table has:

(A) 200 rows with mysteries listed first
(B) 34 rows in an unpredictable order
(C) 166 rows
(D) 34 rows, with the highest-rated mystery in row 1

Question 51

Which authentication setup uses two DIFFERENT factor categories?

(A) A password plus a fingerprint scan
(B) A password plus a second password
(C) A PIN plus a security question
(D) Two security questions

Question 52

A person's gym check-in times, grocery delivery address, and tagged vacation dates are each posted on different services. The privacy risk the CED emphasizes is:

(A) Each service will crash simultaneously
(B) The individual posts are illegal
(C) Grocery data cannot be stored in binary
(D) Combined, these innocuous data points reveal identity, location patterns, and absence periods — enabling harms no single post enables

Question 53

A dataset lists temperatures as "72", "72.0", "seventy-two", and "72 F". Before computing an average, the analyst should:

(A) Delete the dataset
(B) Use only the first value
(C) Average the values as text
(D) Clean the data by converting equivalent entries to one consistent numeric format

Question 54

A research task must process a dataset so large that no single computer can store it. The MOST appropriate approach is:

(A) Buying one faster processor
(B) Compressing the dataset with lossy compression until it fits
(C) Distributed computing: multiple machines each storing and processing part of the data
(D) Binary search

Question 55

A developer publishes a game engine's source code under a license allowing anyone to use, modify, and redistribute it. Within a year, hundreds of developers have fixed bugs and added features. This illustrates:

(A) How open source enables collaborative improvement and accelerates development
(B) A violation of the developer's own copyright
(C) That the engine is now public domain
(D) Freeware

Question 56

A program compiles a shopping total. During checkout with exactly 100 items, the displayed total is wrong; with 99 or fewer it is correct. The debugging strategy MOST likely to locate the error is:

(A) Rewriting the program in a different language
(B) Testing only with small typical carts
(C) Deleting the checkout feature
(D) Hand-tracing the code near the 100-item boundary and displaying intermediate values there

Question 57

A video-doorbell system lets homeowners see deliveries remotely (intended). Neighborhoods later use aggregated doorbell footage to track "unfamiliar" individuals, disproportionately flagging certain groups. The tracking outcome is best described as:

(A) The system's stated purpose
(B) A syntax error
(C) An unintended harmful consequence amplified at scale, raising bias concerns
(D) Proof the innovation should not exist

Questions 58–62: Reading Passage

MealBridge is a nonprofit app connecting restaurants with surplus food to nearby food banks. Each evening, participating restaurants photograph and list their surplus (type, quantity, pickup deadline). The app's matching procedure ranks nearby food banks by refrigerated-storage capacity and driving distance, then notifies the top match, which can accept or pass; a pass notifies the next-ranked bank. Restaurants' listings, banks' acceptance histories, and pickup GPS routes are stored on MealBridge's servers. A public dashboard shows citywide totals — meals rescued, pounds diverted from landfills — without naming participants. MealBridge notes that participation requires a smartphone and that listings are English-only, and it reports matches are completed for 78% of listings, with unmatched food usually in neighborhoods with few nearby member banks.

Question 58

The primary purpose of MealBridge is to:

(A) Advertise restaurants' menus
(B) Track food-bank employees
(C) Redirect surplus restaurant food to food banks that can use it, reducing waste
(D) Photograph meals for social media

Question 59

Which data does the matching procedure use to rank food banks?

(A) Refrigerated-storage capacity and driving distance
(B) The banks' acceptance histories and GPS routes
(C) Citywide meal totals
(D) The restaurants' menu prices

Question 60

The public dashboard's design — totals only, no participant names — most directly addresses:

(A) The app's matching accuracy
(B) Smartphone requirements
(C) The 78% match rate
(D) Privacy: individual restaurants' surplus patterns and banks' capacities aren't exposed publicly

Question 61

Which passage detail MOST directly suggests a digital-divide concern?

(A) The dashboard shows pounds diverted from landfills
(B) Matches complete for 78% of listings
(C) Food banks can accept or pass
(D) Participation requires a smartphone, and listings are English-only

Question 62

Unmatched food concentrates in neighborhoods with few member banks. Which change would MOST directly address this gap?

(A) Recruiting food banks (and supporting their storage capacity) in the under-covered neighborhoods
(B) Increasing photo resolution on listings
(C) Making the dashboard update hourly
(D) Switching the app's data transmission from TCP to UDP

Questions 63–70: Multiple-Select — Select TWO answers for each. Both must be correct to earn the point.

Question 63

L ← [5, 10, 15]. Which operations result in a list of length 4? *(Select two.)

(A) APPEND(L, 20)
(B) L[3] ← 20
(C) INSERT(L, 2, 8)
(D) REMOVE(L, 1)

Question 64

Which statements correctly pair a protocol with its role? *(Select two.)

(A) DNS guarantees packet delivery
(B) IP provides addressing and routing for packets
(C) UDP retransmits lost packets
(D) TCP delivers data complete and in order, retransmitting lost packets

Question 65

A ride-sharing platform reduces drunk driving in a city while increasing downtown congestion and reducing public-transit ridership. Which analyses are consistent with the CED? *(Select two.)

(A) The same innovation produces beneficial and harmful effects simultaneously
(B) Because its purpose was positive, the harms don't count as effects
(C) Some of its significant effects were likely not intended by its creators
(D) The congestion proves the platform contains an error

Question 66

Which statements about metadata are true? *(Select two.)

(A) Metadata is the primary content of a file
(B) A photo's timestamp and GPS tag are metadata
(C) Changing metadata does not change the primary data it describes
(D) Deleting metadata compresses the file losslessly

Question 67

Which code segments display a value that is GUARANTEED to be 12? *(Select two.)

(A) x ← 4 ; REPEAT 2 TIMES { x ← x + 4 } ; DISPLAY (x)
(B) DISPLAY (RANDOM(2, 12))
(C) DISPLAY (RANDOM(12, 13) − RANDOM(1, 2))
(D) x ← 3 * 4 ; DISPLAY (x)

Question 68

A team is developing a quiz app. Which practices does the CED specifically endorse? *(Select two.)

(A) Skipping documentation until after release
(B) Testing only after every feature is complete
(C) Incorporating feedback from users through iterative revision
(D) Testing each component with a variety of inputs, including boundary cases, as it is built

Question 69

Which statements about this procedure are true? (Select two.)

PROCEDURE check(list, target)
{
    FOR EACH item IN list
    {
        IF (item = target)
        {
            RETURN (true)
        }
    }
    RETURN (false)
}

(A) It returns true as soon as the first match is found, without examining later elements
(B) When the target is absent, it examines every element and returns false
(C) It counts how many times target appears
(D) It causes a run-time error when the list is empty

Question 70

Which practices reduce the risk of account compromise? *(Select two.)

(A) Using one memorable password on every site
(B) Enabling multifactor authentication combining a password with a device-generated code
(C) Clicking email links promptly to verify account warnings
(D) Using long, unique passwords for each account

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Show answer key & explanations

Mock Exam 1 — Answer Key & Review Guide

Scoring: 1 point per question (multi-select questions require BOTH correct answers). Total: 70 points.

Questions 1–35

Q	Ans	Why (and why not)	Review
1	C	Documentation during development, explaining the why, helps collaborators; (A) is the anti-pattern	L2
2	A	32+8+2+1 = 43; (B) drops the 1s bit	L3
3	B	a ← 6 MOD 2 = 0; b ← 2+0 = 2; displays 2	L7
4	B	The goal/why = purpose; function would describe behavior	L1
5	B	Divide-by-zero during execution = run-time; (A) syntax, (C) logic	L2
6	A	words[2] = "elm"; LENGTH−1 = 3 → "oak" (1-indexed!)	L8
7	B	"Every original detail later" = lossless's exact use case	L4
8	C	25 > 10 ✓ AND 25 MOD 5 = 0 ✓; (B) fails MOD; (A)/(D) fail the >	L9
9	C	Duration + date describe the video; frames/audio/dialogue are content	L5
10	B	Diverse perspectives catch blind spots — the CED's collaboration claim	L1
11	B	n = 2, 4, 8, 16 each fail `> 16` (16 is not > 16) → 4 displays; stops at 32	L11
12	C	Collection-method bias: only smartphone users could respond	L5
13	B	4 is even → RETURN (40); the second RETURN never runs	L14
14	B	2⁶ = 64 ≥ 60; 2⁵ = 32 is too few	L3
15	A	East → south → west; two rights = 180°	L10
16	B	Streaming on limited bandwidth tolerates loss; (A)/(D) need exactness	L4
17	C	Positives: 3, 5, 2 → count 3 (note it counts, not sums — the +1 body)	L12
18	B	Data abstraction: code survives data-size changes	L8
19	A	NOT(≥ 70) ⟺ < 70; equality switches sides — (B) wrongly keeps 70	L9
20	B	Shared open protocols = universal interoperability	L17
21	B	[8,3,6] → [8,3,6,1] → remove index 1 → [3,6,1]; L[1]+L[3] = 3+1 = 4	L8
22	C	The thermostat's program is integral to its function; (A)/(B)/(D) are made/sold using computers	L1
23	B	1..52 inclusive = 52 outcomes; (A) has 53 including 0; (C) has 51	L15
24	D	Max-finder silhouette; honest init from data[1] → 40	L12
25	C	Names → IP addresses; nothing more, nothing less	L17
26	A	Textbook three-step swap: temp saves 5; x = 12, y = 5	L7
27	B	Measurement coverage drives counts — collection bias, not congestion truth	L5
28	D	1 → 5 → 9 → ... skips 7 (step 4 from 1 lands on 1, 5, 9...); `x = 7` never true → infinite. (A)/(B) reach their stops; (C) starts true → zero runs	L11
29	B	INSERT places at the index and shifts right; (A) is replacement, (C) is APPEND	L8
30	A	Divisible by 4 ⟺ remainder 0; (D) reverses the operands	L7
31	B	Guaranteed-complete-ordered vs. fast-unguaranteed — the transport trade-off	L17
32	C	Adds a (=3) b (=5) times → 15	L11, L14
33	B	Untested boundary (empty list) → run-time crash; fixable, common, instructive	L2
34	A	Facing north: 2 forward (top-left), right → east, 2 forward (top-right); (B) turns west off-grid; (C) never goes north	L10
35	C	Purchases + zip codes live in different tables; member ID joins them. (A)/(B)/(D) each need only one table	L6

Questions 36–57

Q	Ans	Why (and why not)	Review
36	D	Runs: 10 W, 5 B, 5 W — count each run once; (A) miscounts the tail	L4
37	A	Online-only service + access gap = divide converting into outcome gap	L21
38	C	Independent routing → possible reordering → sequence numbers	L17
39	D	Fewer samples = smaller file, coarser approximation — fidelity and size move together	L3
40	A	Large task + many volunteers + Internet = crowdsourcing (transcription is a classic)	L20
41	C	Surviving component failure = fault tolerance (via redundancy)	L18
42	D	word becomes "abab"; twist("abab") = "abababab" (8 characters)	L14, L8
43	D	Bias inherited from historical data — no intent required; (A) is the intent fallacy	L21
44	A	Non-commercial + credited = both terms satisfied; (B)/(D) are commercial; (C) violates both	L22
45	D	One more bit doubles capacity: 6 → 7 bits; (A) doubles the bits	L3
46	C	10 + max(20,20,20,20) = 30; four processors run the tasks simultaneously	L19
47	A	Urgency + link + credentials = phishing; navigate directly instead	L23
48	D	500 ≤ 512 = 2⁹ → ~9 examinations; halving chain, not half the list	L13
49	C	Open protocols + decentralization = permissionless growth	L17
50	D	Filter keeps 34; sort reorders those 34, top-rated first — row counts never change in a sort	L6
51	A	Know (password) + are (fingerprint); (B)/(C)/(D) repeat one category	L23
52	D	Aggregation: three innocuous posts = identity + patterns + absences	L23
53	D	Equivalent values, inconsistent formats → clean to one representation	L5
54	C	Exceeds one machine's storage → distribute data and work	L19
55	A	Open source's collaborative-improvement story; (C) confuses licensed code with public domain	L22
56	D	The bug lives at the 100 boundary — trace there, display intermediates there	L2
57	C	Unintended + harmful + scale-amplified + bias-raising; (D) is an absolutist non-answer	L20, L21

Questions 58–62 (Passage)

Q	Ans	Why (and why not)	Review
58	C	Purpose = redirect surplus to banks, reduce waste; stated in sentence one	L24, L1
59	A	The passage names exactly two ranking inputs: storage capacity, driving distance. (B) is data the system stores but the passage doesn't say the ranking uses	L24
60	D	Totals-without-names is a privacy-by-aggregation choice — participants' individual patterns stay unexposed	L23, L24
61	D	Smartphone requirement + English-only listings = access barriers by device and language	L21
62	A	The gap's stated cause is bank coverage; the matching remedy targets that cause. (B)–(D) fix nothing about coverage	L21, L24

Questions 63–70 (Multi-Select — both required)

Q	Ans	Why (and why not)	Review
63	A, C	APPEND and INSERT each add one element (3 → 4). (B) replaces in place; (D) shortens to 2	L8
64	B, D	IP = addressing/routing; TCP = complete/ordered/retransmitting. (A) gives DNS a delivery job; (C) gives UDP the guarantee it defines itself by lacking	L17
65	A, C	Dual effects + unintended consequences — the CED's core IOC claims. (B) denies effects-beyond-purpose; (D) confuses outcomes with errors	L20
66	B, C	Timestamp/GPS describe the photo; changing metadata leaves content untouched. (A) inverts the definition	L5
67	A, D	(A): 4 → 8 → 12 deterministically. (D): 12, deterministically. (B) ranges 2–12; (C) ranges 10–12 — random values are never guaranteed	L15, L11
68	C, D	Iterative feedback + component testing with boundary inputs — both named CED practices. (A)/(B) are the named anti-patterns	L2
69	A, B	Early RETURN exits on first match; absent target → full scan → false. (C) describes a counter (no early exit); (D): empty list → loop runs zero times → returns false, no error	L14, L12
70	B, D	True MFA + unique long passwords. (A) is one breach from total compromise; (C) is phishing compliance	L23

Scoring Worksheet

1. Raw score: ______ / 70 (multi-select counts only when both answers are correct)

2. Section I percentage: raw ÷ 70 × 100 = ______ %

3. Estimated composite (Section I is 70% of the exam; assume your Create PT + written responses land in the middle band until scored):

Section I raw	With a solid PT (≈4–5 of 6 pts)	With a weaker PT (≈2–3 of 6 pts)
55–70	5 likely	4–5
45–54	4 likely	3–4
35–44	3 likely	3
27–34	2–3	2
below 27	2	1–2

These bands are ESTIMATES built from published score distributions and typical cut ranges — actual AP cut scores vary by year and form. Use them for study prioritization, not prediction.

4. Diagnosis by Big Idea — tally your misses:

Big Idea	Questions	Missed	If 3+ missed, reread
CRD (Creative Development)	1, 4, 5, 10, 22, 33, 56, 68	___ / 8	L1–L2
DAT (Data)	2, 7, 9, 12, 14, 16, 27, 35, 36, 39, 45, 50, 53, 66	___ / 14	L3–L6
AAP (Algorithms & Programming)	3, 6, 8, 11, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21, 23, 24, 26, 28, 29, 30, 32, 34, 42, 48, 63, 67, 69	___ / 23	L7–L16
CSN (Systems & Networks)	20, 25, 31, 38, 41, 46, 49, 54, 64	___ / 9	L17–L19
IOC (Impact of Computing)	37, 40, 43, 44, 47, 51, 52, 55, 57, 58–62, 65, 70	___ / 16	L20–L24

Appendix: Written-Response Practice (Section II rehearsal)

On the real exam you'll answer two written-response questions about YOUR Create PT, using your Personalized Project Reference. Practice the format on this sample PPR first, then re-answer every prompt about your own program.

Sample program: "PantryPal" (tracks pantry items and flags soon-to-expire food)

PPR Screenshot i–ii (list creation and use):

pantry ← []                          ← list created empty
daysLeft ← []
...
APPEND(pantry, itemName)             ← list grows as the user adds items
APPEND(daysLeft, days)

PPR Screenshot iii–iv (procedure and call):

PROCEDURE countExpiring(dayList, limit)
{
    count ← 0
    FOR EACH d IN dayList
    {
        IF (d ≤ limit)
        {
            count ← count + 1
        }
    }
    RETURN (count)
}

soon ← countExpiring(daysLeft, 3)    ← the call
DISPLAY (soon)

Practice prompts (one per official category)

WR 1 (Program Design, Function, and Purpose): Describe the purpose of PantryPal, then describe how a user interacts with it from input to output. Model: The purpose is to reduce household food waste by warning users which pantry items expire soon. The user enters each item's name and days until expiration; the program stores them in parallel lists and, on request, displays how many items expire within 3 days.

WR 2(a) (Algorithm Development): Explain how the algorithm in countExpiring determines its result, including the role of selection and iteration. Model: The FOR EACH loop (iteration) examines every value in dayList exactly once. The IF statement (selection) compares each value to limit; only values at or below it increment count. After the loop, count holds the number of qualifying items, which the procedure returns. Without the selection, every item would be counted; without the iteration, only one hard-coded item could be checked.

WR 2(b) (Errors and Testing): Describe a test case for countExpiring including input and expected output, and an error the test could reveal. Model: Input: dayList = [1, 3, 7], limit = 3; expected output: 2 (the 1 and the 3 — the boundary value must count because the comparison is ≤). If the procedure returned 1, the comparison was likely written < instead of ≤ — a boundary logic error this test is specifically designed to expose. A second test with an empty list (expected 0) confirms no run-time error occurs.

WR 2(c) (Data and Procedural Abstraction): Explain how the list daysLeft manages complexity in the program. Model: daysLeft stores every item's remaining days under one name, so the program processes all of them with a single loop over the list. Without it, the program would need a separate variable per item and could not handle a change in the number of items without rewriting the code; with it, the same code works for 3 items or 300.

Now: answer all four prompts for YOUR program, in writing, without looking at these models. If any answer requires information not visible in your own PPR screenshots, improve the screenshots — that gap is exactly what costs points on exam day.

Mock Exam 2 is a fresh full simulation at slightly higher code-analysis difficulty. Take it after reviewing your misses here — ideally one week later, timed, in one sitting.

Score summary

Your running multiple-choice score appears in the bar below. Self-score the free-response section with the rubrics in the answer key, then use the diagnostic table to target review.

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